Determinants of Cesarean Section Delivery: A Case–Control Study on Interpregnancy interval, Previous Cesarean Section, and Obstetric Complications

Abstract

Cesarean section (CS) is a surgical procedure in which a baby is delivered through incisions in the abdominal wall and uterus when vaginal delivery is not feasible or poses a risk to the mother or fetus. Cesarean delivery rates continue to increase in many countries, including Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with cesarean delivery. An analytic correlational study with a case-control design was conducted using medical record data from Reksa Waluya Hospital in 2025. The sample comprised 118 women, including 59 cases (cesarean deliveries) and 59 controls (vaginal deliveries), selected through simple random sampling. The variables examined were previous cesarean delivery, interpregnancy interval, and history of obstetric complications. Data were analyzed using logistic regression at a significance level of α = 0.05. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that previous cesarean delivery (OR = 16.674) and a history of obstetric complications (OR = 121.250) were significantly associated with cesarean delivery, whereas interpregnancy interval was not. These findings indicate that healthcare professionals should strengthen maternal education and routine antenatal monitoring to enable early identification of risk factors and reduce cesarean deliveries without medical indications.